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to cook the evidence

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1 cook

I [kʊk]
nome cuoco m. (-a)
II 1. [kʊk]
verbo transitivo

1) gastr. (far) cuocere [vegetables, pasta]; cucinare [ meal]

2) colloq. (falsify) falsificare, manipolare [ data]

to cook the books — falsificare o truccare i conti
2.
verbo intransitivo [ person] cucinare; [ meal] cuocere, cuocersi

- cook up

••

there's something cooking — qualcosa bolle in pentola

* * *
[kuk] 1. verb
(to prepare (food) or become ready by heating: She cooked the chicken; The chicken is cooking in the oven.) cuocere, cucinare
2. noun
(a person who cooks, especially for a living: She was employed as a cook at the embassy.) cuoco

- cooker
- cookery
- cookery-book
- cook up
* * *
cook /kʊk/
n.

1 cuoco, cuoca NOTA D'USO: - cook o cooker?-

2 ( scacchi e dama) mossa nuova, imprevista; mossa studiata in anticipo; ( anche) correzione a un problema pubblicato; soluzione d'un problema diversa da quella prevista da chi l'ha formulato

● ( USA, antiq.) cook-room, cucina; (naut.) cucina di bordo □ cook's knife, coltello da cucina □ to be chief cook and bottle-washer, dover fare tutto da solo; essere il factotum □ (prov.) Too many cooks spoil the broth, troppi galli a cantar non fa mai giorno (prov.).
♦ (to) cook /kʊk/
A v. t.

1 (far) cuocere: to cook an egg, cuocere un uovo

2 cucinare; preparare: to cook a meal, cucinare (o preparare) un pasto; to cook dinner, preparare la cena

3 (fam. GB) manipolare; falsificare; truccare: to cook the books, falsificare i conti; truccare i libri contabili; to cook the evidence, falsificare le prove

4 ( slang) guastare; rovinare; mandare all'aria: to cook sb. 's chances, mandare all'aria le prospettive di q.

B v. i.

1 cucinare; fare da mangiare; far la cucina: DIALOGO → - Back from holiday- We cooked in the apartment most nights and went out a couple of times for dinner, abbiamo fatto da mangiare a casa quasi ogni sera e siamo usciti a cena un paio di volte

2 cuocersi; cuocere: The rice is cooking now, il riso (si) sta cuocendo

3 ( slang USA) suonare bene (o con passione) ( musica jazz)

4 ( slang USA) andare forte (o bene); essere pieno d'entusiasmo: Now you're cooking, adesso sì che vai bene

5 ( slang USA) stare sui carboni ardenti, friggere

6 ( slang USA) morire sulla sedia elettrica; arrostire

7 (fam. USA; di situazione, ecc.) riposare; stare al caldo

● (fig.) to cook sb. 's goose, rompere le uova nel paniere a q.; sistemare a dovere q. □ to be cooked to a turn, essere cotto a puntino □ ( slang USA) to be cooking with gas, andare benissimo; essere a posto; essere a cavallo □ (fam. USA) What's cooking?, che cosa succede?; che cosa bolle in pentola?; che si combina? □ (fig.) Something is cooking, qualcosa bolle in pentola.

* * *
I [kʊk]
nome cuoco m. (-a)
II 1. [kʊk]
verbo transitivo

1) gastr. (far) cuocere [vegetables, pasta]; cucinare [ meal]

2) colloq. (falsify) falsificare, manipolare [ data]

to cook the books — falsificare o truccare i conti
2.
verbo intransitivo [ person] cucinare; [ meal] cuocere, cuocersi

- cook up

••

there's something cooking — qualcosa bolle in pentola

English-Italian dictionary > cook
2 cook

cook ⇒ Shops, trades and professions

A n cuisinier/-ière m/f ; he's a good cook c'est un bon cuisinier.

B vtr

1 Culin faire cuire [vegetables, pasta, eggs] ; préparer [meal, meat, fish] (for pour) ; cook for 10 minutes faire cuire pendant 10 minutes ;

2 ○ ( falsify) trafiquer ○, falsifier [data, evidence, figures] ; to cook the books trafiquer ○ la comptabilité ;

3 ○ US gâcher [chances].

C vi

1 [person] cuisiner, faire la cuisine ;

2 [vegetable, meat, meal] cuire ; the carrots are cooking les carottes sont en train de cuire ;

3 ○ ( happen) to be cooking se mijoter ○ ; there's something cooking il y a quelque chose qui se mijote ○.

D cooked pp adj [food] cuit ; to be lightly/well cooked être à peine/bien cuit.

Phrasal verb

■ cook up ○:

▶ cook up [sth] préparer [dish, meal] ; inventer [excuse, story] ; mijoter ○ [plan, scheme].

Big English-French dictionary > cook
3 frame

1. v создавать, вырабатывать; составлять

to frame a theory — создавать теорию

2. v строить, сооружать; конструировать

3. v вставлять в раму, в рамку, обрамлять

to frame a picture — вставить картину в рамку

jigging frame — вибрирующая рама

reading frame — рамка считывания

set-in frame — рама для встройки

straining frame — сушильная рама

ice can frame — рама для ледоформ

4. v приспосабливать

a structure framed to resist the fiercest storms — сооружение, способное выдержать самые сильные бури

5. v выражать в словах; формулировать

to frame a sentence — построить предложение

to frame law — разрабатывать, формулировать нормы права

6. v произносить

his lips could hardly frame the words — он едва мог выговорить эти слова

7. v развиваться, развёртываться

the plan is framing satisfactorily — разработка плана идёт удовлетворительно

8. v тех. собирать

9. v тлв. кино, устанавливать в рамку

frame attacher — установка для прикрепления выводной рамки

photographic printing frame — фотокопировальная рамка

open reading frame — открытая рамка считывания

character frame — рамка знака; рамка символа

case frame — падежная рамка; падежный фрейм

Синонимический ряд:

1. build (noun) build; physique; shape; size

2. chassis (noun) cadre; casing; chassis; fabric; framework; scaffold; skeleton; structure

3. exposure (noun) exposure; field of view; film exposure; image; outline; scan; setting; take

4. structural case (noun) case; doorjamb; enclosure; girdle; jamb; span; structural case; support; window frame

5. contrive (verb) concoct; contrive; cook up; dream up; hatch up; invent; make up; vamp up

6. design (verb) design; devise; draft; draw up; formulate; lay; prepare; write

7. enclose (verb) border; confine; encircle; enclose; girdle; limit; mount; outline; set off

8. fake the evidence against (verb) accuse falsely; conspire against; double-cross; fake the evidence against; implicate wrongly; plant; put a job on; put the heat on; set up; trap

9. make (verb) assemble; build; conceive; construct; erect; fabricate; fashion; forge; form; make; manufacture; mold; mould; produce; put together; shape; sketch

10. plan (verb) blueprint; cast; chart; plan; project

English-Russian base dictionary > frame
4 light

I 1. [laɪt]
nome

1) (brightness) luce f.

by the light of — al chiarore di [ fire]; al chiaro di [ moon]

in the light of day — alla luce del giorno; fig. a mente fredda

to drive back in the light — ritornare quando è ancora giorno

to cast o throw o shed light on fare luce su, illuminare; fig. fare o gettare luce su; to hold sth. up to the light tenere qcs. alla luce; against the light in controluce; with the light behind her — con la luce alle spalle

2) (in building, machine, oven) luce f.

to put o switch o turn a light on accendere una luce; to put o switch o turn a light off — spegnere una luce

3) (of gauge, dashboard) spia f.

a red light comes on, goes off — si accende, si spegne una spia rossa

4) aut. (headlight) faro m., fanale m. anteriore; (rearlight) fanale m. posteriore; (inside car) luce f. di cortesia

to put one's lights on — accendere i fanali

5) (flame)

to put a light to — accendere [ fire]

to set light to — dare fuoco a

to give sb. a light — dare da accendere a qcn.

have you got a light? — hai da accendere?

6) fig. (aspect) luce f.

to see sth. in a new light — vedere qcs. sotto una nuova luce

looking at it in that light... — visto in questa luce...

in a bad light — in cattiva luce

in the light of — alla luce di [evidence, experience]

7) fig. (exposure)

to bring to light — portare alla luce [fact, truth]

to come o be brought to light — essere portato alla luce
2.
nome plurale lights

1) (anche traffic lights) semaforo m.sing.

the lights are red — il semaforo è rosso

to stop at the lights — fermarsi al semaforo

to shoot o jump the lights — colloq. passare con il rosso

2) (decorative display) luci f., illuminazioni f.

••

the light of his life — la luce dei suoi occhi

to go out like a light — addormentarsi di colpo

to see the light — capire
II 1. [laɪt]
verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. lit o lighted)

1) (set fire to) accendere [fire, oven, cigarette, match, firework]; dare fuoco a [wood, paper]

2) (illuminate) [lamp, sun] illuminare
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. lit) [ fire] accendersi, prendere; [cigarette, match] accendersi; [ wood] prendere fuoco

- light up
III [laɪt]
aggettivo

1) (bright) [evening, room] luminoso

it is light enough to do — c'è abbastanza luce per fare

to get o grow lighter [ sky] rischiararsi; it was getting o growing light cominciava a fare giorno; while it's still light — mentre è ancora giorno

2) (pale) [colour, fabric, wood, skin] chiaro; [ hair] biondo

light blue — azzurro

light grey — grigio chiaro
IV 1. [laɪt]
aggettivo

1) (not heavy) [material, wind, clothing, meal] leggero; [ drinker] moderato

light rain — pioggia leggera, pioggerella

to have a light touch — [ pianist] avere il tocco leggero; [ cook] avere la mano leggera

to be a light sleeper — avere il sonno leggero

he is 2 kg lighter — pesa 2 kg di meno

2) (not severe) [ damage] lieve; [ sentence] poco severo

3) (delicate) [knock, footsteps] leggero; [ movement] delicato

to be light on one's feet — avere il passo leggero

4) (not tiring) [work, exercise] leggero, poco faticoso

light duties — lavoretti

light housework — lavoretti di casa

to make light work of sth. — fare qcs. senza difficoltà

5) (not intellectually demanding) [music, verse] leggero

a bit of light relief — un po' di diversivo

some light reading — qualche lettura leggera

6) (not important) [ affair] non serio

it is no light matter — non è una cosa da poco

to make light of — trattare con leggerezza, prendere sottogamba [ problem]; non dare importanza a [ injury]

7) (low-fat) [ product] light
2.
avverbio con poco bagaglio

to travel light — viaggiare leggero

••

many hands make light work — prov. l'unione fa la forza
V [laɪt]
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. lit o lighted) [ bird] posarsi

- light on

* * *
I 1. noun
1) (the brightness given by the sun, a flame, lamps etc that makes things able to be seen: It was nearly dawn and the light was getting stronger; Sunlight streamed into the room.)

2) (something which gives light (eg a lamp): Suddenly all the lights went out.)

3) (something which can be used to set fire to something else; a flame: Have you got a light for my cigarette?)

4) (a way of viewing or regarding: He regarded her action in a favourable light.)
2. adjective
1) (having light; not dark: The studio was a large, light room.)

2) ((of a colour) pale; closer to white than black: light green.)
3. [lit] verb
1) (to give light to: The room was lit only by candles.)

2) (to (make something) catch fire: She lit the gas; I think this match is damp, because it won't light.)

•

- lightness

- lighten

- lighter
- lighting
- lighthouse
- light-year
- bring to light
- come to light
- in the light of
- light up
- see the light
- set light to II
1) (easy to lift or carry; of little weight: I bought a light suitcase for plane journeys.)

2) (easy to bear, suffer or do: Next time the punishment will not be so light.)

3) ((of food) easy to digest: a light meal.)

4) (of less weight than it should be: The load of grain was several kilos light.)

5) (of little weight: Aluminium is a light metal.)

6) (lively or agile: She was very light on her feet.)

7) (cheerful; not serious: light music.)

8) (little in quantity; not intense, heavy, strong etc: light rain.)

9) ((of soil) containing a lot of sand.)

•

- lightly

- lightness

- lighten

- light-fingered
- light-headed
- light-hearted
- lightweight
- get off lightly
- make light of
- travel light III = light on - past tense, past participle lit [lit] - verb
(to find by chance: While wandering round the town, we lit on a very cheap restaurant.)

* * *
I 1. [laɪt]
nome

1) (brightness) luce f.

by the light of — al chiarore di [ fire]; al chiaro di [ moon]

in the light of day — alla luce del giorno; fig. a mente fredda

to drive back in the light — ritornare quando è ancora giorno

to cast o throw o shed light on fare luce su, illuminare; fig. fare o gettare luce su; to hold sth. up to the light tenere qcs. alla luce; against the light in controluce; with the light behind her — con la luce alle spalle

2) (in building, machine, oven) luce f.

to put o switch o turn a light on accendere una luce; to put o switch o turn a light off — spegnere una luce

3) (of gauge, dashboard) spia f.

a red light comes on, goes off — si accende, si spegne una spia rossa

4) aut. (headlight) faro m., fanale m. anteriore; (rearlight) fanale m. posteriore; (inside car) luce f. di cortesia

to put one's lights on — accendere i fanali

5) (flame)

to put a light to — accendere [ fire]

to set light to — dare fuoco a

to give sb. a light — dare da accendere a qcn.

have you got a light? — hai da accendere?

6) fig. (aspect) luce f.

to see sth. in a new light — vedere qcs. sotto una nuova luce

looking at it in that light... — visto in questa luce...

in a bad light — in cattiva luce

in the light of — alla luce di [evidence, experience]

7) fig. (exposure)

to bring to light — portare alla luce [fact, truth]

to come o be brought to light — essere portato alla luce
2.
nome plurale lights

1) (anche traffic lights) semaforo m.sing.

the lights are red — il semaforo è rosso

to stop at the lights — fermarsi al semaforo

to shoot o jump the lights — colloq. passare con il rosso

2) (decorative display) luci f., illuminazioni f.

••

the light of his life — la luce dei suoi occhi

to go out like a light — addormentarsi di colpo

to see the light — capire
II 1. [laɪt]
verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. lit o lighted)

1) (set fire to) accendere [fire, oven, cigarette, match, firework]; dare fuoco a [wood, paper]

2) (illuminate) [lamp, sun] illuminare
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. lit) [ fire] accendersi, prendere; [cigarette, match] accendersi; [ wood] prendere fuoco

- light up
III [laɪt]
aggettivo

1) (bright) [evening, room] luminoso

it is light enough to do — c'è abbastanza luce per fare

to get o grow lighter [ sky] rischiararsi; it was getting o growing light cominciava a fare giorno; while it's still light — mentre è ancora giorno

2) (pale) [colour, fabric, wood, skin] chiaro; [ hair] biondo

light blue — azzurro

light grey — grigio chiaro
IV 1. [laɪt]
aggettivo

1) (not heavy) [material, wind, clothing, meal] leggero; [ drinker] moderato

light rain — pioggia leggera, pioggerella

to have a light touch — [ pianist] avere il tocco leggero; [ cook] avere la mano leggera

to be a light sleeper — avere il sonno leggero

he is 2 kg lighter — pesa 2 kg di meno

2) (not severe) [ damage] lieve; [ sentence] poco severo

3) (delicate) [knock, footsteps] leggero; [ movement] delicato

to be light on one's feet — avere il passo leggero

4) (not tiring) [work, exercise] leggero, poco faticoso

light duties — lavoretti

light housework — lavoretti di casa

to make light work of sth. — fare qcs. senza difficoltà

5) (not intellectually demanding) [music, verse] leggero

a bit of light relief — un po' di diversivo

some light reading — qualche lettura leggera

6) (not important) [ affair] non serio

it is no light matter — non è una cosa da poco

to make light of — trattare con leggerezza, prendere sottogamba [ problem]; non dare importanza a [ injury]

7) (low-fat) [ product] light
2.
avverbio con poco bagaglio

to travel light — viaggiare leggero

••

many hands make light work — prov. l'unione fa la forza
V [laɪt]
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. lit o lighted) [ bird] posarsi

- light on

English-Italian dictionary > light
5 one

1. noun
1) (the number or figure 1: One and one is two (1 + 1 = 2).) uno

2) (the age of 1: Babies start to talk at one.) un año

2. pronoun
1) (a single person or thing: She's the one I like the best; I'll buy the red one.)

2) (anyone; any person: One can see the city from here.)

3. adjective
1) (1 in number: one person; He took one book.) un

2) (aged 1: The baby will be one tomorrow.) de un año

3) (of the same opinion etc: We are one in our love of freedom.) unidos

•

- one-
- oneself
- one-night stand
- one-off
- one-parent family
- one-sided
- one-way
- one-year-old
4. adjective
((of a person, animal or thing) that is one year old.) de un año

- all one
- be one up on a person
- be one up on
- not be oneself
- one and all
- one another
- one by one
- one or two

one¹ adj

1. un

she only had one shoe on sólo llevaba puesto un zapato

why don't we go out together one day soon? ¿por qué no salimos juntos un día de estos?

2. único

it's my one chance es mi única oportunidad

3. mismo

they all ran in one direction todos corrieron en la misma dirección

one² num uno

one, two, three uno, dos, tres

it's one o'clock es la una

one³ pron

1. uno

I want one too yo también quiero uno

2.

which one? ¿cuál?

this one / that one éste / ése

the blue one el azul

3. el que

the one I bought you el que te compré

one another el uno al otro

they were insulting one another se estaban insultando

we love one another nos queremos

one

tr[wʌn]

adjective

1 (stating number) un, una

■ I've got one brother tengo un hermano

■ there's one biscuit left queda una galleta

■ one hundred cien

2 (unspecified, a certain) un, una, algún,-una

■ one day in January un día de enero

■ come for supper one evening ven a cenar una noche

3 (only, single) único,-a

■ the one way to get on in life la única manera de tener éxito en la vida

■ the one and only James Brown el inimitable James Brown

4 (same) mismo,-a

■ in one direction en la misma dirección

■ one and the same thing la misma cosa

5 (with names) un,-a tal

■ one Bill Burroughs un tal Bill Burroughs

pronoun

1 (thing) uno,-a

■ a red one uno,-a rojo,-a

■ this one éste,-a

■ that one ése,-a, aquél,-la

■ which one? ¿cuál?

■ the small one el pequeño, la pequeña

■ the other one el otro, la otra

2 (drink) una copa

■ let's have a quick one tomemos una copa rápida

■ you've had one too many has bebido más de la cuenta

3 (person) el, la

■ he's the one who I was telling you about es él de quien te estaba hablando

■ she's the one I paid the money to es a ella a quien le pagué el dinero

■ you're one of the family eres de la familia

4 (any person, you) uno, una

■ one can't think of everything uno no puede pensar en todo

■ one has to be patient hay que tener paciencia

■ one never knows nunca se sabe

noun

1 (number) uno

■ my son is one today mi hijo cumple un año hoy

■ there's only one left sólo queda uno

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

all in one de una (sola) pieza

a one un caso

■ you are a one! ¡eres un caso!

a right one un,-a idiota

as one / as one man como un solo hombre, todos a la vez

at one with en armonía con

in one (combined, together) a la vez, todo en uno 2 (in only one attempt) de una vez, de un golpe 3 (in one mouthful) de un trago

neither one thing nor the other ni carne ni pescado

one after another / one after the other uno,-a detrás de otro,-a

one and all todos,-as, todo el mundo

one another el uno al otro

■ we help one another nos ayudamos mutuamente

■ they love one another se quieren

one at a time de uno en uno

one by one de uno,-a en uno,-a, uno,-a tras otro,-a

to be one to... ser dado,-a a..., ser de los/las que...

■ I'm not one to gossip no me gusta chismorrear, no soy de las que chismorrean

one ['wʌn] adj

1) (being a single unit) : un, una

he only wants one apple: sólo quiere una manzana

2) (being a particular one) : un, una

he arrived early one morning: llegó temprano una mañana

3) (being the same) : mismo, misma

they're all members of one team: todos son miembros del mismo equipo

one and the same thing: la misma cosa

4) some: alguno, alguna; un, una

I'll see you again one day: algún día te veré otra vez

at one time or another: en una u otra ocasión

one n

1) : uno m (número)

2) (indicating the first of a set or series)

from day one: desde el primer momento

3) (indicating a single person or thing)

the one (girl) on the right: la de la derecha

he has the one but needs the other: tiene uno pero necesita el otro

one pron

1) : uno, una

one of his friends: una de sus amigas

one never knows: uno nunca sabe, nunca se sabe

to cut one's finger: cortarse el dedo

2)

one and all : todos, todo el mundo

3)

one another : el uno al otro, se

they loved one another: se amaban

4)

that one : aquél, aquella

5)

which one? : ¿cuál?

one

adj.

• igual adj.

• solo, -a adj.

• un tal adj.

• uno, -a adj.

• único, -a adj.

art.

• un art.

• una art.

n.

• uno s.m.

pron.

• alguno pron.

• la una (hora) pron.

• uno pron.

I wʌn
noun

1)

a) ( number) uno m

has anybody got five ones? — ¿alguien tiene cinco billetes de un dólar (or un peso etc)?

to be at one with somebody/something — estar* en paz or en armonía con alguien/algo; see also four I

b) ( elliptical use)

he's nearly one — tiene casi un año

it's nearly one — es casi la una

it was interesting in more ways than one — fue interesante en más de un sentido/en muchos sentidos

the chances are one in a million — la probabilidad es de uno en un millón

I only want the one — sólo quiero uno/una

did you see many cows? - one or two — ¿viste muchas vacas? - alguna que otra

2) (in phrases)

as one: they rose as one se pusieron de pie todos a la vez or como un solo hombre; for one por lo pronto; who's going? - well, I am for one ¿quién va? - yo, por lo pronto; in one: it's a TV and a video in one es televisión y vídeo a la vez or todo en uno; one by one — uno a uno, uno por uno

II

adjective

1)

a) ( stating number) un, una

one button/pear — un botón/una pera

one hundred — cien

one thousand, three hundred — mil trescientos

one fifth of the population — la quinta parte de la población

b) (certain, particular)

one boy was tall, the other short — uno de los niños era alto, el otro era bajo

one window looks out over the park — una de las ventanas da al parque

2)

a) ( single)

she was the one person I trusted — era la única persona en quien confiaba

it is too much for any one person — es demasiado para una sola persona

there is not one shred of evidence — no existe ni la más mínima prueba

the one and only Frank Sinatra — el incomparable or inimitable Frank Sinatra

my one and only coat is at the cleaners — el único abrigo que tengo or mi único abrigo está en la tintorería

b) ( same) mismo, misma

we drank out of the one glass cup — bebimos del mismo vaso/de la misma taza

Clark Kent and Superman are one and the same — Clark Kent y Superman son la misma persona

3) ( unspecified) un, una

you must come over one evening — tienes que venir una noche

I'll get even with you one day — algún día me las pagarás

4) ( with names)

in the name of one John Smith/Sarah Brown — a nombre de un tal John Smith/una tal Sarah Brown

III

pronoun

1) ( thing)

this one — éste/ésta

that one — ése/ésa

which one? — ¿cuál?

the one on the right/left — el/la de la derecha/izquierda

the ones on the table — los/las que están en la mesa

the blue ones — los/las azules

I want the big one — quiero el/la grande

it's my last one — es el último/la última que me queda

one of the oldest cities in Europe — una de las ciudades más antiguas de Europa

every one of them was broken — todos estaban rotos

he's had one too many — ha bebido de más, ha bebido más de la cuenta

have you heard the one about... ? — ¿has oído el chiste de... ?

he ate all the apples one after another o the other — se comió todas las manzanas, una detrás de otra

2) ( person)

the one on the right's my cousin — el/la de la derecha es mi primo/prima

it could be any one of us — podría ser cualquiera de nosotros

our loved ones — nuestros seres queridos

he's a sly one, that Jack Tibbs — es un zorro ese Jack Tibbs

I'm not one to gossip, but... — no me gustan los chismes pero...

one after another o the other — uno tras otro or detrás de otro

IV

pronoun uno, una

one simply never knows — realmente nunca se sabe or uno nunca sabe

it certainly makes one think — le da que pensar a uno

one another — each other, each II 2)

[wʌn]
1. ADJ

1) (=number) un/una; (before sing noun) un

one man — un hombre

one man out of two — uno de cada dos hombres

the baby is one (year old) — el bebé tiene un año

it's one (o'clock) — es la una

• for one reason or another — por diferentes razones

• the last but one — el penúltimo/la penúltima

• one or two people — algunas personas

• that's one way of doing it — esa es una forma or una de las maneras de hacerlo

2) (indefinite) un/una, cierto

one day — un día, cierto día

one cold winter's day — un día frío de invierno

one hot July evening — una tarde de julio de mucho calor

one Pérez — un tal Pérez

3) (=sole) único

his one worry — su única preocupación

the one way to do it — la única forma de hacerlo

• no one man could do it — ningún hombre podría hacerlo por sí solo

• the one and only difficulty — la única dificultad

the one and only Charlie Chaplin — el único e incomparable Charlot

4) (=same) mismo

all in one direction — todos en la misma dirección

• it's all one — es lo mismo

it's all one to me — me da igual, me da lo mismo

• they are one and the same — son el mismo

they are one and the same person — son la misma persona

it is one and the same thing — es la misma cosa

5) (=united)

God is one — Dios es uno

• they all shouted as one — todos gritaron a una

• to become one — casarse

• to be one with sth — formar un conjunto con algo

2.

N (=figure) uno m

I belted him one * — le di un guantazo

• one and six(pence) — (Brit) † un chelín y seis peniques

• to be at one (with sb) — estar completamente de acuerdo (con algn)

to be at one with o.s. — estar en paz consigo mismo

• to go one better than sb — tomar la ventaja or la delantera a algn

but John went one better — pero Juan lo hizo mejor

• she's cook and housekeeper in one — es a la vez cocinera y ama de llaves

it's made all in one — está hecho en una sola pieza

you've got it in one! * — ¡y que lo digas! *

• in ones and twos — en pequeños grupos

they came in ones and twos — vinieron uno a uno y en parejas

• to be one up — (Sport etc) llevar un punto/gol etc de ventaja

that puts us one up — (Sport etc) eso nos da un punto/gol etc de ventaja

to be one up on sb — llevar ventaja a algn
fast I, 1., 1), quick 1., 3), road 1., 2)
3. PRON

1) (indefinite) uno/una

have you got one? — ¿tienes uno?

there is only one left — queda uno solamente

his message is one of pessimism — su mensaje es pesimista, el suyo es un mensaje pesimista

• one after the other — uno tras otro

• one and all — todos sin excepción, todo el mundo

• one by one — uno tras otro, uno a uno

• I for one am not going — yo, por mi parte, no voy

• not one — ni uno

• one of them — uno de ellos

any one of us — cualquiera de nosotros

he's one of the group — es del grupo, forma parte del grupo

he's one of the family now — ya es de la familia

• the one..., the other... — uno..., el otro...

you can't buy one without the other — no se puede comprar el uno sin el otro

price of one — precio m de la unidad

two for the price of one — dos por el precio de uno

• one or two — unos pocos

2) (specific)

this one — este/esta

that one — ese/esa, aquel/aquella

this one is better than that one — este es mejor que ese

which one do you want? — ¿cuál quieres?

the white dress and the grey one — el vestido blanco y el gris

who wants these red ones? — ¿quién quiere estos colorados?

what about this little one? — ¿y este pequeñito or (esp LAm) chiquito?

that's a difficult one — esa sí que es difícil
In the past the standard spelling for [este/esta], [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella] as pronouns was with an accent ([éste/ésta],[ése/ésa] and [aquél/aquélla]). Nowadays the [Real Academia Española] advises that the accented forms are only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjectives ([este/esta], [ese/esa] and [aquel/aquella]).
3) (relative)

the one who, the one that — el/la que

the ones who, the ones that — los/las que

they were the ones who told us — ellos fueron quienes nos lo dijeron

he looked like one who had seen a ghost — tenía el aspecto del que acababa de ver un fantasma

to one who can read between the lines — para el que sabe leer entre líneas

the one on the floor — el que está en el suelo

one more sensitive would have fainted — una persona de mayor sensibilidad se hubiera desmayado

4) (=person)

he's a clever one — es un taimado

he's the troublesome one — él es el revoltoso

• you are a one! — ¡qué cosas dices/haces!

• our dear ones — nuestros seres queridos

• the Evil One — el demonio

• you're a fine one! * — ¡menuda pieza estás tú hecho! *

• he's one for the ladies — tiene éxito con las mujeres

he's a great one for chess — es muy bueno al ajedrez

he's a great one for arguing — es de los que les encanta discutir

• the little ones — los pequeños, los chiquillos

• never a one — ni uno siquiera

• he is not one to protest — no es de los que protestan

he's not much of a one for sweets — no le gustan mucho los dulces

5)

• one another, they kissed one another — se besaron (el uno al otro)

they all kissed one another — se besaron (unos a otros)

do you see one another much? — ¿se ven mucho?

it's a year since we saw one another — hace un año que no nos vemos

6) (impers) uno/una

one never knows — nunca se sabe

one must eat — hay que comer

one has one's pride — uno tiene cierto amor propio

one's life is not really safe — la vida de uno no tiene seguridad

one's opinion does not count — la opinión de uno no cuenta

to cut one's finger — cortarse el dedo

* * *

I [wʌn]
noun

1)

a) ( number) uno m

has anybody got five ones? — ¿alguien tiene cinco billetes de un dólar (or un peso etc)?

to be at one with somebody/something — estar* en paz or en armonía con alguien/algo; see also four I

b) ( elliptical use)

he's nearly one — tiene casi un año

it's nearly one — es casi la una

it was interesting in more ways than one — fue interesante en más de un sentido/en muchos sentidos

the chances are one in a million — la probabilidad es de uno en un millón

I only want the one — sólo quiero uno/una

did you see many cows? - one or two — ¿viste muchas vacas? - alguna que otra

2) (in phrases)

as one: they rose as one se pusieron de pie todos a la vez or como un solo hombre; for one por lo pronto; who's going? - well, I am for one ¿quién va? - yo, por lo pronto; in one: it's a TV and a video in one es televisión y vídeo a la vez or todo en uno; one by one — uno a uno, uno por uno

II

adjective

1)

a) ( stating number) un, una

one button/pear — un botón/una pera

one hundred — cien

one thousand, three hundred — mil trescientos

one fifth of the population — la quinta parte de la población

b) (certain, particular)

one boy was tall, the other short — uno de los niños era alto, el otro era bajo

one window looks out over the park — una de las ventanas da al parque

2)

a) ( single)

she was the one person I trusted — era la única persona en quien confiaba

it is too much for any one person — es demasiado para una sola persona

there is not one shred of evidence — no existe ni la más mínima prueba

the one and only Frank Sinatra — el incomparable or inimitable Frank Sinatra

my one and only coat is at the cleaners — el único abrigo que tengo or mi único abrigo está en la tintorería

b) ( same) mismo, misma

we drank out of the one glass cup — bebimos del mismo vaso/de la misma taza

Clark Kent and Superman are one and the same — Clark Kent y Superman son la misma persona

3) ( unspecified) un, una

you must come over one evening — tienes que venir una noche

I'll get even with you one day — algún día me las pagarás

4) ( with names)

in the name of one John Smith/Sarah Brown — a nombre de un tal John Smith/una tal Sarah Brown

III

pronoun

1) ( thing)

this one — éste/ésta

that one — ése/ésa

which one? — ¿cuál?

the one on the right/left — el/la de la derecha/izquierda

the ones on the table — los/las que están en la mesa

the blue ones — los/las azules

I want the big one — quiero el/la grande

it's my last one — es el último/la última que me queda

one of the oldest cities in Europe — una de las ciudades más antiguas de Europa

every one of them was broken — todos estaban rotos

he's had one too many — ha bebido de más, ha bebido más de la cuenta

have you heard the one about... ? — ¿has oído el chiste de... ?

he ate all the apples one after another o the other — se comió todas las manzanas, una detrás de otra

2) ( person)

the one on the right's my cousin — el/la de la derecha es mi primo/prima

it could be any one of us — podría ser cualquiera de nosotros

our loved ones — nuestros seres queridos

he's a sly one, that Jack Tibbs — es un zorro ese Jack Tibbs

I'm not one to gossip, but... — no me gustan los chismes pero...

one after another o the other — uno tras otro or detrás de otro

IV

pronoun uno, una

one simply never knows — realmente nunca se sabe or uno nunca sabe

it certainly makes one think — le da que pensar a uno

one another — each other, each II 2)

English-spanish dictionary > one
6 want

I [wɒnt]
nome

1) (need) bisogno m., esigenza f.

to be in want of — avere bisogno di

2) lett. (deprivation) indigenza f., povertà f.

3) (lack) mancanza f., insufficienza f.

for want of — in o per mancanza di, per insufficienza di

it's not for want of trying — non perché non ci abbiamo provato
II 1. [wɒnt]
verbo transitivo

1) (desire) volere

I want — (as general statement) io voglio; (would like) io vorrei

what o how much do you want for this chair? quanto vuole per questa sedia? I want the job finished vorrei che il lavoro fosse finito; I don't want to non ne ho voglia; to want sb. to do volere che qcn. faccia; they just don't want to know — non ne vogliono proprio sapere

2) colloq. (need)

you won't want your overcoat — il soprabito non ti servirà

you won't be wanted — non ci sarà bisogno di voi

you want to watch out — dovrai fare attenzione

what do you want with me? — che cosa volete da me?

all that's wanted is your signature — manca solo la tua firma

several jobs want doing — BE ci sono diversi lavori da fare

3) (require presence of)

you're wanted on the phone — ti vogliono al telefono

"cook wanted" — "cercasi cuoco"

to be wanted by the police — essere ricercato dalla polizia

I know when I'm not wanted — scherz. capisco quando sono di troppo
2.
verbo intransitivo

to want for — mancare di, avere bisogno di

- want in

- want out

* * *
[wont] 1. verb
1) (to be interested in having or doing, or to wish to have or do (something); to desire: Do you want a cigarette?; She wants to know where he is; She wants to go home.) volere

2) (to need: This wall wants a coat of paint.) (avere bisogno di)

3) (to lack: This house wants none of the usual modern features but I do not like it; The people will want (= be poor) no longer.) occorrere; (vivere in miseria)
2. noun
1) (something desired: The child has a long list of wants.) desiderio

2) (poverty: They have lived in want for many years.) miseria

3) (a lack: There's no want of opportunities these days.) mancanza

•

- wanted
- want ad
- want for
* * *
want /wɒnt/
n.

1 [uc] mancanza; deficienza; scarsità: want of raw materials, scarsità di materie prime

2 bisogno; necessità; esigenza; desiderio: (econ.) the satisfaction of human wants, il soddisfacimento dei bisogni umani; freedom from want, la libertà dal bisogno

3 [u] indigenza; miseria; ristrettezze: They live in the direst want, vivono nella più squallida miseria

● ( USA) want ad, annuncio economico ( offerta o richiesta di lavoro, ecc.) □ (leg.) want of evidence, mancanza di prove □ (leg.) want of jurisdiction, difetto di giurisdizione □ to be in want of, aver bisogno di; necessitare di: The house was in want of repair, la casa aveva bisogno di un restauro.
♦ (to) want /wɒnt/
A v. t.

1 aver bisogno di; abbisognare di: What do you want?, di che cosa hai bisogno?; che cosa ti serve?; The car wants washing, l'automobile ha bisogno di una lavata; You're wanted in the kitchen, c'è bisogno di te (o ti vogliono) in cucina

2 volere; desiderare molto: He wants to stay, vuole rimanere; I don't want him to come, non voglio che venga; He wants me to stay here, vuole che io resti qui; DIALOGO → - Considering an evening course- I've always wanted to learn French, ho sempre voluto imparare il francese; I want it done at once, voglio che lo si faccia subito; If you want anything done, ask him, se vuoi che qualcosa si faccia, chiedilo a lui; DIALOGO → - Ordering food 3- Do you want peas or carrots with that?, come contorno vuole i piselli o le carote?; DIALOGO → - Dinner 2- What do you want to drink?, che vuoi da bere?; He wants some coffee, desidera del caffè NOTA D'USO: - volere-

3 (fam.) dovere (spec. al condiz.); bisognare, occorrere (impers.): You want to be more careful, dovresti stare più attento; You don't want to work so hard, non dovresti lavorare così; It wants to be done with the utmost care, bisogna farlo con la massima cura

4 (generalm. al passivo) ( della polizia, ecc.) ricercare: He is wanted for questioning, lo ricercano per interrogarlo; He is wanted for murder, è ricercato per omicidio

B v. i.

1 mancare; volerci: It wants ten minutes to midnight, mancano dieci minuti a mezzanotte

2 (form.) mancare del necessario; vivere in miseria (o nell'indigenza)

● (fam.) to want it both ways, volere la botte piena e la moglie ubriaca □ (fam.) to want some doing, volerci del bello e del buono □ not to want to know, non volerne sapere, disinteressarsene, infischiarsene.
NOTA D'USO: - to want to do o to want doing?-
* * *
I [wɒnt]
nome

1) (need) bisogno m., esigenza f.

to be in want of — avere bisogno di

2) lett. (deprivation) indigenza f., povertà f.

3) (lack) mancanza f., insufficienza f.

for want of — in o per mancanza di, per insufficienza di

it's not for want of trying — non perché non ci abbiamo provato
II 1. [wɒnt]
verbo transitivo

1) (desire) volere

I want — (as general statement) io voglio; (would like) io vorrei

what o how much do you want for this chair? quanto vuole per questa sedia? I want the job finished vorrei che il lavoro fosse finito; I don't want to non ne ho voglia; to want sb. to do volere che qcn. faccia; they just don't want to know — non ne vogliono proprio sapere

2) colloq. (need)

you won't want your overcoat — il soprabito non ti servirà

you won't be wanted — non ci sarà bisogno di voi

you want to watch out — dovrai fare attenzione

what do you want with me? — che cosa volete da me?

all that's wanted is your signature — manca solo la tua firma

several jobs want doing — BE ci sono diversi lavori da fare

3) (require presence of)

you're wanted on the phone — ti vogliono al telefono

"cook wanted" — "cercasi cuoco"

to be wanted by the police — essere ricercato dalla polizia

I know when I'm not wanted — scherz. capisco quando sono di troppo
2.
verbo intransitivo

to want for — mancare di, avere bisogno di

- want in

- want out

English-Italian dictionary > want
7 serve

1. II
1) serve in some manner serve honestly (sincerely, faithfully, willingly. etc.) служить честно и т.д.

2) serve in some manner serve quickly (immediately, willingly, etc.) обслуживать быстро и т.д.

3) serve for some time serve long (по)служить долго
2. III
1) serve smb. serve a master (a boss, a family, a firm, an agency, etc.) кружить хозяину и т.д., работать на хозяина и т.д.; if my memory serves me coll. если мне не изменяет память; serve smth., smb. serve one's country (one's people, the cause of peace, the revolution, etc.) служить /посвятить себя/ родине и т.д., работать во имя родины и т.д.

2) serve smth. serve smb.'s interests (smb.'s needs, smb.'s private ends, one's purpose, etc.) служить чьим-л. интересам и т.д.

3) serve smb., smth. serve customers (clients, a district, an area, a town, etc.) обслуживать клиентов и т.д.; the bus-s remote areas автобус обслуживает отдаленные районы; this recipe (this dish, etc.) serves six этот рецепт и т.д. рассчитан на шесть порций

4) serve smth. serve food (drinks, dinner, tea, wine, sandwiches, etc.) подавать еду и т.д.; shall I serve the soup разливать суп?; shall I serve the pudding? раскладывать пудинг?

5) serve smth. serve one's sentence отбывать /отсиживать/ свой срок; serve one's time a) отслужить свой срок; б) отсидеть свой срок; serve time coll. отсидеть в тюрьме
3. IV
1) serve smth., smb. in some manner serve one's country loyally (the family faithfully, etc.) верно служить родине и т.д.; my memory (my eyes, my legs, etc.) serve me well (poorly) моя память и т.д. служит мне хорошо (плохо) || it serves him right так ему и надо, и поделом ему

2) serve smb. in some manner the waitress served us quickly официантка обслужила нас быстро
4. VI
serve smth. in some state serve smth. hot (warm, cool, cold, etc.) подавать что-л. горячим и т.д.; they always serve their drinks iced они всегда подают напитки со льдом или со льда
5. XI
be served are you being served? вас [уже] обслуживают?; be served by smth. all floors are served by an elevator лифт обслуживает все этажи; our district is served by a railway line в нашем районе есть железная дорога; be served out to smb. rations were served [out] to the troops солдатам раздали паек
6. XIII
serve to do smth. it serves to show (to prove) that... это служит доказательством того, что...
7. XVI
1) serve for some time serve for a long time (for ages, for years, etc.) (послужить долго и т.д.; the coat has served for ten years это пальто носится уже десять лет; this amount will serve for a year этой суммы хватит на год; serve in smth. serve in an office (in a shop, in a firm, ill the kitchen, etc.) служить /работать/ в конторе и т.д.; serve in the Army (in the Air Force, in the Navy, etc.) служить в армии и т.д.; serve in the ranks служить рядовым; serve on smth. serve on a committee (on a jury. on the staff, on an expedition, etc.) быть членом /входить в состав/ комитета и т.д.; serve under smb., smth. serve under him /his command/ служить под его началом /руководством, командованием/

2) serve at smth. serve at fable (at dinner, at meals, etc.) прислуживать за столом и т.д.

3) serve with smth. serve with food (with drinks, with hot coffee, etc.) подавать еду и т.д., обносить едой и т.д.; serve with gas (with electricity, with water, etc.) снабжать газом и т.д.

4) serve for smth. serve for a study (for a stage, for a shelf, etc.) служить кабинетом и т.д.; this will serve for a bag это можно использовать в качестве сумки; it will serve for this occasion на этот случай сойдет
8. XX1
1) serve as smb. serve as a waiter (as a cook, as a butler, as a judge, etc.) служить /работать/ официантом и т.д.; she served as a maid for ten years она служила горничной десять лет

2) serve as smth. serve as a table (as a bed, as a shelter, etc.) служить столбы /в качестве стола/ и т.д.; serve as evidence служить доказательством; it served as evidence against him это свидетельствовало против него: it will serve as a lesson (as a pretext, as an excuse, etc.) это послужит уроком и т.д.
9. XXI1
1) serve smth. with smth. serve coffee with milk (tea with lemon, meat with vegetables, etc.) подавать кофе с молоком и т.д.; serve smth. in (on, etc.) smth. serve tea in bed (drinks in that room. food in the kitchen, etc.) подавать чай в постель и т.д.; serve supper on the veranda устроить ужин на веранде

2) serve smb. for some time the coat has served me for ten years я ношу это пальто уже десять лет; the money will serve me for a month этих денег мне хватит на месяц
10. XXIV1
1) serve smb. as smb. she served us as a maid она служила у нас горничной

2) serve smb. as smth. it served us as a bed (as a table, etc.) это служило нам постелью и т.д.

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > serve
8 light

light ⇒ Weight measurement

A n

1 ( brightness) lumière f ; a beam of light un faisceau de lumière ; by the light of à la lumière de [fire] ; à la clarté de [moon] ; in a good light sous une bonne lumière ; to read in a poor light lire avec peu de lumière ; in full light en pleine lumière ; in the light of day lit, fig au grand jour ; I'd like to drive back in the light j'aimerais rentrer avant la nuit ; to cast ou throw ou shed light on lit projeter or répandre de la lumière sur ; fig éclaircir ; to hold sth up to the light tenir qch à la lumière ; against the light à contre-jour ; with the light behind her le dos tourné à la lumière ; the light was failing la nuit tombait ;

2 (gleam, bright point) lumière f ; ( in eye) lueur f ; a light on the horizon une lumière à l'horizon ; the city lights les lumières de la ville ;

3 ( electrical appliance) (in building, on machine, in oven) lumière f ; ( in street) réverbère m ; ( on ship) feu m ; to put ou switch ou turn a light on allumer une lumière ; to put ou switch ou turn a light off éteindre une lumière ; to leave a light on laisser une lumière allumée ; are all the lights off ou out? est-ce que toutes les lumières sont éteintes? ; a light came on/went out une lumière s'est allumée/s'est éteinte ; to turn a light up/down augmenter/réduire une lumière ; the lights went up/down Theat les lumières se sont allumées/éteintes ; shine the light over here! éclaire par ici! ;

4 (part of gauge, indicator, dashboard) voyant m (lumineux) ; a red light comes on/goes off un voyant rouge s'allume/s'éteint ;

5 Aut ( headlight) phare m ; ( rearlight) feu m arrière ; ( inside car) veilleuse f ; to put one's lights on/off allumer/éteindre ses phares ; to have/leave one's lights on avoir/laisser ses phares allumés ; to check one's lights vérifier les phares ; to flash one's lights at sb faire un appel de phares à qn ;

6 ( flame) to put a light to allumer [fire, gas] ; to set light to mettre le feu à ; to give sb a light offrir du feu à qn ; have you got a light? tu as du feu? ;

7 fig ( aspect) jour m ; to see sth in a good/bad /new light voir qch sous un bon/mauvais/ nouveau jour ; I hadn't thought of it in that light je n'y avais pas pensé sous cet angle-là ; looking at it in that light… vu sous cet angle… ; to appear in a bad light apparaître sous un jour défavorable ; in the light of compte tenu de ; to review sth in the light of réexaminer qch à la lumière de [evidence, experience] ; to see sb/sth in a different light voir qn/qch sous un jour différent ;

8 fig ( exposure) to bring to light découvrir [fact, evidence, truth, crime] ; to come to ou be brought to light être découvert ;

9 Constr ( window) vitre f.

B lights npl

1 Transp feu m, feux mpl ; the lights are red/green le feu est au rouge/au vert ; to stop at the lights s'arrêter au feu ; cross at the lights traversez aux feux ; the lights aren't working les feux ne marchent pas ; to shoot ○ ou jump ○ the lights griller ○ un feu rouge ;

2 ( decorative display) illuminations fpl ;

3 Culin mou m.

C modif [switch, shade, socket] de lampe.

D adj

1 ( bright) [evening, room, house] clair ; it is light enough to do il fait assez clair pour faire ; to get ou grow lighter [sky] s'éclaircir ; it was getting ou growing light il commençait à faire jour ; while it's still light pendant qu'il fait encore jour ;

2 ( pale) [colour, fabric, wood, skin] clair ; [hair] blond ; light blue/grey bleu/gris clair inv ; light blue socks des chaussettes bleu clair ;

3 ( not heavy) [material, substance, mist, snow, wind, clothing, plane, sleep, meal, beer, cake] léger/-ère ; [rain] fin ; [drinker] modéré ; [business, trading] peu actif/-ive ; to have a light touch [pianist] avoir un toucher léger ; [writer, cook] avoir une certaine légèreté ; a light sprinkling ou dusting un saupoudrage ; a light soprano une soprano légère ; to be a light sleeper avoir le sommeil léger ; she is 2 kg lighter elle pèse 2 kg de moins ; this sack of coal is 5 kg light il manque 5 kg à ce sac de charbon ;

4 ( not severe) [damage, punishment, sentence] léger/-ère ;

5 ( delicate) [knock, tap, footsteps] léger/-ère ; [kiss, movement] délicat ; to be light on one's feet avoir la démarche légère ;

6 ( not tiring) [work] peu fatigant ; [exercise, training] léger/-ère ; light duties petits travaux mpl ; light housework petits travaux ménagers ; to make light work of sth faire qch sans peine ;

7 ( not intellectually demanding) [music, verse] léger/-ère ; a bit of light relief un peu de divertissement ; some light reading for the beach quelque chose de facile à lire pour la plage ;

8 ( not important) [affair] pas sérieux/-ieuse ; it is no light matter c'est une chose sérieuse ; to make light of traiter [qch] à la légère [rumour, problem] ; ne pas attacher d'importance à [injury] ;

9 ( cheerful) [mood, laugh] enjoué ;

10 Culin ( low-fat) [product] allégé, light.

E vtr ( prét, pp lit ou lighted)

1 ( set fire to) allumer [candle, gas, oven, cigarette] ; enflammer [wood, paper] ; tirer [firework] ; craquer [match] ; to light a fire faire un or du feu ; to light the fire allumer le feu ; a lighted match une allumette enflammée ;

2 ( illuminate) [torch, lamp, sun] éclairer.

F vi ( prét, pp lit) [fire] prendre ; [candle, cigarette, gas, wood, match] s'allumer.

Idioms

the light of sb's life le rayon de soleil de qn ; many hands make light work Prov à plusieurs la besogne va vite ; to do sth according to one's lights sout faire qch comme on l'entend ; to go light on ○ sth y aller mollo ◑ avec qch ; to go out like a light s'endormir tout de suite ; to see the light comprendre.

Phrasal verbs

■ light on:

▶ light on [sth] [eyes, person] tomber sur.

■ light up ○:

▶ light up

1 ( light cigarette) allumer une cigarette ; ( light pipe) allumer une pipe ;

2 [lamp] s'allumer ;

3 fig [face] s'éclairer ; [eyes] briller de joie ;

▶ light up [sth], light [sth] up

1 [smoker] allumer [cigarette, cigar, pipe] ;

2 ( illuminate) illuminer [surroundings] ; allumer [sign].

■ light upon = light on.

Big English-French dictionary > light
9 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■. The Company Of Strangers. San Diego, 2002.

   ■ Wylie, Neville. "An Amateur Learns His Job? Special Operations Executive in Portugal, 1940-42." Journal of Contemporary History. 36: no. 3 (2001), 441-57.

   ■ The Military

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General. Historia do Exercito Portugues. Lisbon: Inquerito, 1945.

   ■ Kaulza de Arriaga, General. Guerra e Politica. Em nome da verdade. Os anos decisivos. Lisbon: Referendo, 1987.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, Jose. O Comportamento Politico dos Militares, Forcas Armadas e Regimes Politicos em Portugal no seculo XX. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992.

   ■ Pereira Marques, Fernando. Exercito e Sociedade em Portugal. No Declinio do Antigo Regime e advento do Liberalismo. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

   ■ Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo. Alvorada em Abril. Amadora (Portugal): Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Selvagem, Carlos. Portugal Militar. Compendio de Historia Militar e Naval de Portugal. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1931.

   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

   ■. Pais Sem Rumo. Contributo para a historia de uma Revolucao. Lisbon: Scire, 1978.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. Portugal e a Guerra. Historia das intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais do seculo XX. Lisbon: Ed. Colibri, 1999.

   ■. Coord., Nova Historia Militar de Portugal, 5 vols. Lisbon: Circulo de Leitores, 2003-.

   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. O Poder e o Povo. A Revolucao de 1910. Lisbon: Moraes, 1976, 1982.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978, 1998.

   ■. A Ditadura Militar Portuguesa ( 1926-1933). Mem Martins: Europa- America, 1988.

   ■. "The Military and the Portuguese Dictatorship, 1926-1974: "The Honor of the Army." In Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. 191-219. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. "Hidden Fluidity in an Ultra-Stable Party System." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 101-27. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel, ed. Sistema Eleitoral Portugües: Debate Político e Parlamentar. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional/ Casa da Moeda, 1998.

   ■, ed. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." In Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer, 2000): 1-404.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., ed. Political Parties and Democracy in Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1997. Carlucci, Frank. "Confiei no Povo Portugues." Visao (Lisbon), April 10, 1997, 46-47.

   ■. "The View from the U.S. Embassy." In Hans Binnendijk, ed., Authoritarian Regimes in Transition. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, Foreign Service Institute, Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, 1987.

   ■ Coelho, Mário Baptista, ed. Portugal. O Sistema Política a Constitucional, 1974-87. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, UNL, 1989.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antonio. "Settling Accounts with the Past in a Troubled Transition to Democracy: The Portuguese Case." In Alexandra Barahona De Brito, Carmen Gonzalez-Enriquez, and Paloma Aguilar, eds., The Politics of Memory: Transitional Justice in Democratizing Societies, 65-91. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

   ■ Domingos, Emídio Da Veiga. Portugal Político. Análise das Instituiçoes. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Goldey, David. "Elections and the Consolidation of Portuguese Democracy: 1974-1983." Electoral Studies 2, 3 (1983): 229-40.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. "Institutionalizing Democracy: Governance in Post-1974 Portugal." In Ali Farazmand, ed., Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration, 81-90. New York: Dekker, 1991.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Gunther, Richard. "Spain and Portugal." In G. A. Dorfman and P. J. Duignan, eds., Politics in Western Europe, 186-236. Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1988.

   ■ Magone, José Maria. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1997.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth R., and Scott C. Monje, eds. Portugal: The Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-1989. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Camões Center Special Report No. 2, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

   ■. "Portugal's Administrative Elite: Social Origins and Political Attitudes." West European Politics 6 (Jan. 1983): 63-74.

   ■. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■ Pinto Balsemão, Francisco. "The Constitution and Politics: Options for the Future." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 197-232. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Sartori, Giovanni. "Portugal." In Sartori, G, ed., Parties and Party Systems. Vol. 1, 131-45. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Secretary of State for Mass Communications. Constitution of the Portuguese Republic [1976]. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Contemporary Portugal since 1974

   ■ Aguiar, Joaquim. A Ilusão do poder: Analise do Sistema Partidário, 19761982. Lisbon, 1983. Almeida, Diniz de. Orígens e Evolução do Movimento dos Capitães. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. Ascensao, Apogeu e Queda do MFA, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Alves, Márcio Moreira. Les Soldats Socialistes du Portugal. Paris: Gallimard, 1975.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. Sá Carneiro: Um Meteoro Nos Anos Setenta. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

   ■, coord. "Portugal Político 25 Anos Depois." Análise Social XXXV, 154/155 (Summer 2000): 1-404. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Popular Support for Democracy in Post-revolutionary Portugal: Results from a Survey." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 21-42. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. Politics and Nationhood: Post-Revolutionary Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1984.

   ■. "Portugal Fifteen Years after the April Revolution." Field Staff Reports ( 1989-90/ No. 1, Europe), 3-11. Indianapolis, Ind.: Universities Field Staff International, 1990.

   ■, and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

   ■ Carvalho, Ortelo Saraiva de. Cinco Meses Mudaram Portugal. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

   ■ Costa Pinto, Antônio, ed. Modern Portugal. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

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   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
10 head

head ⇒ The human body

A n

1 Anat (of person, animal) tête f ; the top of one's head le sommet de la tête or du crâne ; he had a beret on his head il avait un béret sur la tête ; she put her head round the door elle a passé la tête par la porte ; my head aches j'ai mal à la tête ; to nod one's head hocher la tête ; to have a fine head of hair avoir une belle chevelure ; to get ou keep ou have one's head down lit avoir or garder la tête baissée ; fig ( be inconspicuous) ne pas se faire remarquer ; ( work hard) avoir le nez sur son travail ; with one's head in one's hands la tête dans les mains ; from head to foot ou toe de la tête aux pieds, des pieds à la tête ; he pulled his sweater over his head il a retiré son pull ; the decision was made over the heads of the members la décision a été prise sans consulter les membres ; she was promoted over the heads of her colleagues elle a obtenu une promotion qui revenait de droit à ses collègues ; to stand on one's head faire le poirier ; to stand an argument/theory on its head fig [person] prendre le contre-pied d'un argument/d'une théorie ; [evidence, fact] contredire un argument/une théorie ; heads turned at the sight of… tout le monde s'est retourné en voyant… ; to hold a gun ou pistol to sb's head lit braquer un pistolet contre la tête de qn ; fig tenir le couteau sous la gorge de qn ;

2 ( mind) tête f, crâne ○ m pej ; her head was full of grand ideas elle avait la tête pleine de grandes idées ; I can't get it into her head that je n'arrive pas à lui enfoncer dans la tête or le crâne que ; he has got it into his head that I love him il s'est mis dans la tête que je l'aime ; he has taken it into his head to resign il s'est mis en tête de démissionner ; what(ever) put that idea into her head? qu'est-ce qui lui a mis cette idée dans la tête? ; I can't get the faces of those starving children out of my head je n'arrive pas à oublier les visages affamés de ces enfants ; I can't get that tune out of my head je n'arrive pas à m'ôter cet air de la tête ; you can put that idea out of your head! tu peux oublier cette idée! ; he put the idea of danger out of his head il a chassé l'idée du danger de sa tête ; all these interruptions have put it out of my head toutes ces interruptions me l'ont fait sortir de la tête ; the name has gone right out of my head le nom m'est complètement sorti de la tête ; I can't add them up in my head je ne peux pas les additionner de tête ; I wonder what's going on in her head? je me demande ce qui lui passe par la tête ; to be ou go above ou over sb's head ( too difficult) passer par-dessus la tête de qn, dépasser qn ; don't worry ou bother your (pretty little) head about that ○ ! ne te casse pas la tête pour ça ○ ! ; use your head ○ ! sers-toi de tes méninges ○ ! ; to turn sb's head tourner la tête à qn ; her success has turned her head son succès lui a tourné la tête ; to have a (good) head for figures/business être doué pour le calcul/les affaires ; I have a good head for heights je n'ai pas le vertige ; to have no head for heights avoir le vertige ;

3 Meas, Turf tête f ; to be a head/half a head taller than sb, to be taller than sb by a head/half a head dépasser qn d'une tête/d'une demi-tête ; to win by a (short) head Turf, fig gagner d'une (courte) tête ;

4 ○ ( headache) mal m de tête ; to have a bad head ○ gen avoir mal à la tête ; ( hangover) avoir mal aux cheveux ○ ;

5 (leader, director) (of family. church, agency, section) chef m ; (of social service, organization) responsable mf, directeur/-trice m/f ; at the head of à la tête de ; a team of experts with Dubois at its head une équipe d'experts avec Dubois à sa tête ; head of government/State chef de gouvernement/d'État ; head of department Admin chef de service ; Sch professeur principal ; head of Maths/German Sch responsable de la section de Maths/d'allemand ; head of personnel/marketing Comm chef du personnel/du marketing ;

6 Admin, Comm ( individual person or animal) we paid £10 a head ou per head nous avons payé 10 livres sterling par personne ; to count heads compter les gens ; 50 head of cattle Agric 50 têtes de bétail ; 30 head of sheep 30 moutons ;

7 Sport, Tech (of pin, nail etc, hammer, golf club) tête f ; (of axe, spear, arrow) fer m ; ( of tennis racquet) tamis m ; ( of stick) pommeau m ;

8 ( front or top end) ( of bed) chevet m ; ( of table) (haut) bout m ; ( of procession) tête f ; (of pier, river, valley, glacier, lake) extrémité f ; at the head of the stairs/page/list en haut de l'escalier/de la page/de la liste ; a letter with his address at the head une lettre avec son adresse en en-tête ; at the head of the queue en tête de la file d'attente ;

9 Bot, Hort (of cabbage, lettuce) pomme f ; ( of celery) pied m ; ( of garlic) tête f ; to cut the dead heads off the roses couper les fleurs fanées des rosiers ;

10 Comput, Elec (of computer, video, tape recorder) tête f ; reading head, playback head tête f de lecture ; writing head, recording head tête f d'écriture ;

11 ( on beer) mousse f ;

12 Med (on boil, spot) tête f ; to come to a head lit, Med mûrir ; fig [crisis, trouble, unrest] arriver au point critique ; to bring sth to a head Med faire mûrir ; fig précipiter [crisis, trouble, unrest] ; amener [qch] au point critique [situation] ;

13 ( in plumbing) ( height of water) hauteur f de chute d'eau ; ( water pressure) pression f ; head of water colonne f d'eau ;

14 Phys ( of steam) pression f, volant m de vapeur spec ; to have a good head of steam fig ( be progressing well) avoir le vent en poupe ;

15 Geog cap m ;

16 Tech ( on lathe) poupée f.

B heads npl

1 ( tossing coin) face f ; ‘heads or tails?’ ‘pile ou face?’ ; ‘heads!’ ‘face!’ ; ‘heads it is!’ ‘c'est face!’ ; heads I win/we go face je gagne/on y va ;

2 Naut ( lavatory) toilettes fpl.

C modif

1 Anat [movement] de tête ; [injury] à la tête ; [covering, bandage] sur la tête ; Zool [markings, feathers] de la tête ;

2 ( chief) [cashier, cook, gardener] en chef.

D vtr

1 lit ( be at the top of) être en tête de [column, list, procession, queue] ;

2 ( be in charge of) être à la tête de [business, firm, delegation, committee, team] ; mener [expedition, inquiry, revolt] ; the inquiry headed by Inspector Lacôte l'enquête menée par l'inspecteur Lacôte ;

3 ( entitle) intituler [article, chapter, essay] ; this paragraph is headed by a quotation ce paragraphe est précédé d'une citation ; to head a letter with one's address mettre son adresse en tête d'une lettre ; headed writing paper, headed stationery papier m à lettres à en-tête ;

4 ( steer) diriger [vehicle] (towards vers) ; naviguer [boat] (towards vers) ; I headed the car for the sea j'ai pris le volant en direction de la mer ; he headed the sheep away from the cliff il a éloigné les moutons de la falaise ;

5 Sport to head the ball faire une tête ; he headed the ball into the net il a marqué un but de la tête.

E vi where was the train headed ou heading? dans quelle direction est-ce que le train allait? ; to head south/north Naut mettre le cap au sud/au nord ; he headed straight back into the room il est retourné tout droit dans la pièce ; it's time to head home ou for home il est temps de rentrer ; she headed across the dunes elle s'est engagée à travers les dunes ; look out! he's heading this way attention! il se dirige par ici! ; there's good luck heading your way ( in horoscope) la chance va vous sourire ; ⇒ head for.

F - headed (dans composés) black-headed bird oiseau à tête noire ; red-headed boy garçon (aux cheveux) roux ; two-headed monster monstre à deux têtes.

Idioms

on your own head be it! à tes risques et périls! ; to go to sb's head [alcohol, success, praise] monter à la tête de qn ; you've won, but don't let it go to your head tu as gagné, mais ne te monte pas la tête ; to go off one's head ○ perdre la boule ○ ; are you off your head? tu as perdu la boule ○ ? ; to keep/lose one's head garder/perdre son sang-froid ; to be soft ou weak in the head ○ être faible d'esprit ; he's not right in the head ○ il a un grain ○ ; to laugh one's head off ○ éclater de rire ; to shout one's head off ○ crier à tue-tête ; to talk one's head off ○ ne pas arrêter de parler ; she talked my head off ○ all the way elle m'a cassé les oreilles ○ tout le long du trajet ; off the top of one's head [say, answer] sans réfléchir ; I can't think of anything off the top of my head rien ne me vient à l'esprit pour l'instant ; to give a horse its head lâcher la bride à un cheval ; to give sb their head lâcher la bride à qn ; to give sb head ● US tailler une pipe ● à qn ; to be able to do sth standing on one's head faire qch les doigts dans le nez ○ ; I can't make head (n)or tail of it je n'y comprends rien, ça n'a ni queue ni tête ; I couldn't make head (n)or tail of what she was saying je ne comprenais rien à ce qu'elle disait ; if we all put our heads together si nous nous y mettons tous ; so Louise and I put our heads together and… donc Louise et moi nous y sommes mis à deux et… ; the leaders put their heads together les dirigeants se sont consultés ; two heads are better than one Prov deux avis valent mieux qu'un.

Phrasal verbs

■ head for:

▶ head for [sth]

1 lit, gen se diriger vers ; Naut ( set sail) mettre le cap sur ; the car was heading ou headed for Paris la voiture se dirigeait vers Paris ; the ship was heading ou headed for New York le navire faisait route vers New York ; where were they heading ou headed for? dans quelle direction est-ce qu'ils allaient? ; we were heading ou headed for the coast when we broke down nous roulions en direction de la côte quand nous sommes tombés en panne ; to head for home prendre le chemin du retour ; to head for the whisky bottle foncer sur la bouteille de whisky ;

2 fig courir à [defeat, victory] ; courir vers [trouble] ; to be heading for a fall courir à l'échec.

■ head off partir (for, in the direction of, towards vers) ; he headed off across the fields il est parti à travers les champs ;

▶ head off [sb/sth], head [sb/sth] off

1 lit ( intercept) bloquer, barrer la route à [person] ;

2 fig ( forestall) éluder [question] ; éviter [complaint, quarrel, rebellion] ; he headed her off onto a more interesting topic of conversation il a fait dévier sa conversation vers un sujet plus intéressant.

■ head up:

▶ head up [sth] diriger [department, team].

Big English-French dictionary > head
11 leave

Ⅰ.

leave¹ [li:v]

partir ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b) quitter ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b), 2 (d) laisser ⇒ 2 (c), 2 (d)-(h), 2 (j), 2 (l) oublier ⇒ 2 (g) léguer ⇒ 2 (n) congé ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c) permission ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (b)

(pt & pp left [left])

1 intransitive verb

(a) (depart) partir;

∎ my flight leaves at ten mon avion part à dix heures;

∎ when did you leave? quand est-ce que vous êtes partis?;

∎ we're leaving for Mexico tomorrow nous partons pour le Mexique demain;

∎ which station do you leave from? vous partez de quelle gare?;

∎ he's just left for lunch il vient de partir déjeuner;

∎ if you'd rather I left... si vous voulez que je vous laisse...

(b) (quit) partir;

∎ half of the staff have left la moitié du personnel est partie;

∎ fewer schoolchildren are now leaving at sixteen les élèves sont aujourd'hui moins nombreux à quitter l'école à seize ans

(c) (end relationship)

∎ Charles, I'm leaving! Charles, je te quitte!

2 transitive verb

(a) (depart from → place) quitter;

∎ she left London yesterday elle est partie de ou elle a quitté Londres hier;

∎ he left the room il est sorti de ou il a quitté la pièce;

∎ I leave home at 8 o'clock every morning je pars ou je sors de chez moi tous les matins à 8 heures;

∎ she never leaves the house elle ne sort jamais de la maison;

∎ to leave the table se lever de table;

∎ may I leave the table? est-ce que je peux sortir de table?;

∎ the boat finally left port at 6 o'clock le bateau quitta finalement le port à 6 heures;

∎ his brakes failed and the car left the road ses freins ont lâché et la voiture a quitté la route;

∎ the train left the rails le train a déraillé;

∎ his eyes never left her il ne la quittait pas des yeux

(b) (quit → job, institution) quitter;

∎ she left the firm last year elle a quitté l'entreprise l'année dernière;

∎ I left home at eighteen je suis parti de chez moi ou de chez mes parents à dix-huit ans;

∎ to leave school quitter l'école;

∎ he left Oxford without finishing his studies il a quitté Oxford sans avoir terminé ses études;

∎ Military to leave the service quitter le service

(c) (in specified place or state) laisser;

∎ you can't leave them alone for a minute on ne peut pas les laisser seuls une minute;

∎ he left her asleep on the sofa elle était endormie sur le canapé lorsqu'il la quitta;

∎ I left him to his reading je l'ai laissé à sa lecture;

∎ I left him to himself je l'ai laissé seul;

∎ left to himself, who knows what he'd do? qui sait ce qu'il ferait s'il était livré à lui-même?;

∎ just leave me alone! laissez-moi tranquille!;

∎ let's leave it at that, we'll leave it at that (not do any more work) arrêtons-nous là; (not argue any more) n'en parlons plus

(d) (abandon → person) quitter; (take leave of → person) laisser;

∎ she left him for another man elle l'a quitté pour un autre;

∎ the prisoners were left to die les prisonniers furent abandonnés à une mort certaine;

∎ it's getting late, I must leave you now il se fait tard, je dois vous laisser;

∎ you may leave us now vous pouvez disposer maintenant

(e) (deposit, set down) laisser;

∎ it's no trouble to leave you at the station ça ne me dérange pas de vous laisser ou déposer à la gare

(f) (for someone's use, information etc) laisser;

∎ I've left your dinner in the oven for you je t'ai laissé de quoi dîner dans le four;

∎ leave your name with the receptionist laissez votre nom à la réception;

∎ he's out, do you want to leave (him) a message? il n'est pas là, voulez-vous (lui) laisser un message?;

∎ she left word for you to call her back elle a demandé que vous la rappeliez

(g) (forget) laisser, oublier;

∎ I must have left my gloves at the café j'ai dû oublier mes gants au café

(h) (allow or cause to remain) laisser;

∎ leave some cake for your brother laisse du gâteau pour ton frère;

∎ if you don't like your dinner, then leave it si tu n'aimes pas ton dîner, laisse-le;

∎ leave enough space for the address laissez assez de place pour l'adresse;

∎ leave the stew to cook for two hours laissez mijoter le ragoût pendant deux heures;

∎ leave yourself an hour to get to the airport prévoyez une heure pour aller à l'aéroport;

∎ I only left myself £20 a week to live on je n'avais plus que 20 livres par semaine pour me nourrir;

∎ don't leave things to the last minute n'attendez pas la dernière minute (pour faire ce que vous avez à faire);

∎ he left his work unfinished il n'a pas terminé son travail;

∎ he left his dinner untouched il ne toucha pas à son dîner;

∎ please leave the windows closed veuillez laisser les fenêtres fermées;

∎ to leave sth unsaid passer qch sous silence;

∎ their behaviour leaves a lot to be desired leur conduite laisse beaucoup à désirer;

∎ her words left me curious to know more le peu qu'elle a dit m'a donné l'envie d'en savoir plus;

∎ the decision leaves me in a bit of a quandary cette décision me place devant un dilemme;

∎ I want to be left on/off the list je veux que mon nom reste/je ne veux pas que mon nom figure sur la liste;

∎ I was left with the bill c'est moi qui ai dû payer l'addition;

∎ she had been left a widow at thirty elle s'était retrouvée veuve à l'âge de trente ans;

∎ the flood has left thousands homeless les inondations ont fait des milliers de sans-abri

(i) (passive use) to be left (remain) rester;

∎ we finished what was left of the cake on a fini ce qui restait du gâteau;

∎ there's nothing left il ne reste (plus) rien;

∎ there wasn't enough left to go round il n'en restait pas assez pour tout le monde;

∎ I've got £10/10 minutes left il me reste 10 livres/10 minutes;

∎ there's no doubt left in my mind il n'y a plus le moindre doute dans mon esprit;

∎ he had nothing left to do but lock up the house il ne lui restait (plus) qu'à fermer la maison

(j) (mark, trace) laisser;

∎ the wine left a stain le vin a fait une tache

(k) (allow)

∎ can I leave you to deal with it, then? vous vous en chargez, alors?;

∎ she leaves me to get on with things elle me laisse faire;

∎ to leave sb in charge of sth confier la responsabilité de qch à qn;

∎ right then, I'll leave you to it bon, eh bien, je te laisse

(l) (entrust) laisser, confier;

∎ can I leave my suitcase with you for a few minutes? puis-je vous confier ma valise quelques instants?;

∎ she left the detailed arrangements to her secretary elle a laissé à sa secrétaire le soin de régler les détails;

∎ you should leave such tasks to a specialist vous devriez laisser ou confier ce genre de travail à un spécialiste;

∎ nothing was left to chance on avait paré à toutes les éventualités;

∎ I'll leave it to you to finish it off je vous laisse (le soin de) finir;

∎ leave it to me! je m'en occupe!, je m'en charge!;

∎ leave it with me laissez-moi faire, je m'en charge

(m) British Mathematics

∎ 9 from 16 leaves 7 16 moins 9 égale 7;

∎ what does 29 from 88 leave? 29 ôté de 88 égale combien?

(n) (bequeath) léguer;

∎ she left all her money to charity elle légua toute sa fortune à des œuvres de charité

(o) (be survived by)

∎ he leaves a wife and two children il laisse une femme et deux enfants

3 noun

(a) (from work) congé m; Military permission f;

∎ to be/to go on leave (gen) être/partir en congé; Military être/partir en permission

(b) (permission) permission f, autorisation f;

∎ he asked leave to address the meeting il a demandé la permission de prendre la parole devant l'assemblée;

∎ by or with your leave avec votre permission;

∎ without so much as a by your leave sans même en demander la permission

(c) (farewell) congé m;

∎ to take one's leave (of sb) prendre congé (de qn);

∎ to take leave of sb prendre congé de qn;

∎ figurative to take leave of one's senses perdre la tête ou la raison

►► leave of absence congé m (exceptionnel); (without pay) congé m sans solde; Military permission f exceptionnelle

➲ leave about, leave around separable transitive verb

laisser traîner;

∎ he leaves his stuff around everywhere il laisse traîner ses affaires partout

➲ leave aside separable transitive verb

laisser de côté;

∎ leaving aside the question of cost for the moment si on laisse de côté pour le moment la question du coût

➲ leave behind separable transitive verb

(a) (not take) laisser;

∎ it's hard to leave all your friends and relations behind c'est dur de laisser tous ses amis et sa famille derrière soi;

∎ they left me behind ils sont partis sans moi

(b) (forget) laisser, oublier;

∎ somebody left their watch behind quelqu'un a laissé ou oublié sa montre

(c) (leave as trace) laisser;

∎ the cyclone left behind a trail of destruction le cyclone a tout détruit sur son passage

(d) (outstrip) distancer, devancer;

∎ she soon left the other runners behind elle a vite distancé tous les autres coureurs;

∎ if you don't work harder you'll soon get left behind si tu ne travailles pas plus, tu vas vite te retrouver loin derrière les autres

➲ leave in separable transitive verb

(word, paragraph) garder, laisser

➲ leave off

1 intransitive verb

(stop) s'arrêter;

∎ we'll carry on from where we left off nous allons reprendre là où nous nous étions arrêtés;

∎ British familiar leave off, will you! arrête, tu veux!

2 inseparable transitive verb

British familiar (stop)

∎ to leave off doing sth arrêter de faire qch^□ ;

∎ if it leaves off raining, we'll go for a walk s'il s'arrête de pleuvoir ou si la pluie cesse, nous irons nous promener

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (not put on) ne pas remettre;

∎ who left the top of the toothpaste off? qui a laissé le tube de dentifrice débouché?;

∎ you can leave your jacket off ce n'est pas la peine de remettre ta veste

(b) (not switch or turn on → tap, gas) laisser fermé; (→ light) laisser éteint; (not plug in → appliance) laisser débranché;

∎ we left the heating off while we were away nous avons arrêté ou coupé le chauffage pendant notre absence

➲ leave on separable transitive verb

(a) (not take off → garment) garder; (→ top, cover) laisser;

∎ don't leave the price tag on enlève l'étiquette

(b) (not switch or turn off → tap, gas) laisser ouvert; (→ light) laisser allumé; (not unplug → appliance) laisser branché;

∎ I hope I didn't leave the gas on j'espère que j'ai éteint le gaz

➲ leave out separable transitive verb

(a) (omit) omettre;

∎ several names have been left out plusieurs noms ont été omis;

∎ leave out any reference to her husband in your article dans votre article, évitez toute allusion à son mari

(b) (exclude) exclure;

∎ I felt completely left out at the party j'ai eu le sentiment d'être totalement tenu à l'écart ou exclu de leur petite fête;

∎ leave her out of this! laissez-la en dehors de ça!, ne la mêlez pas à ça!

(c) (not put away → by accident) ne pas ranger; (→ on purpose) laisser sorti, ne pas ranger;

∎ he left a meal out for the children il a laissé un repas tout prêt pour les enfants;

∎ leave the disks out where I can see them laisse les disquettes en évidence;

∎ who left the milk out overnight? qui a oublié de mettre le lait au frigo hier soir?

(d) (leave outdoors) laisser dehors;

∎ to leave the washing out to dry mettre le linge à sécher (dehors)

(e) British familiar (idiom)

∎ leave it out! arrête!

➲ leave over separable transitive verb

(allow or cause to remain) laisser;

∎ to be left over rester;

∎ there are still one or two left over il en reste encore un ou deux

Ⅱ.

leave² [li:v] (pt & pp leaved, cont leaving)

intransitive verb

Botany (produce leaves) feuiller

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > leave
12 Lind, James

SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology

[br]

b. 1716 Edinburgh, Scotland

d. 13 July 1794 Gosport, England

[br]

Scottish physician and naval surgeon whose studies and investigations led to significant improvements in the living conditions on board ships; the author of the first treatise on the nature and prevention of scurvy.

[br]

Lind was registered in 1731 as an apprentice at the College of Surgeons in Edinburgh. By 1739 he was serving as a naval surgeon in the Mediterranean and during the ensuing decade he experienced conditions at sea off Guinea, the West Indies and in home waters. He returned to Edinburgh, taking his MD in 1748, and in 1750 was elected a Fellow of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh, becoming the Treasurer in 1757. In 1758 he was appointed Physician to the Naval Hospital at Haslar, Gosport, near Portsmouth, a post which he retained until his death.

He had been particularly struck by the devastating consequences of scurvy during Anson's circumnavigation of the globe in 1740. At least 75 per cent of the crews had been affected (though it should be borne in mind that a considerable number of them were pensioners and invalids when posted aboard). Coupled with his own experiences, this led to the publication of A Treatise on the Scurvy, in 1754. Demonstrating that this condition accounted for many more deaths than from all the engagements with the French and Spanish in the current wars, he made it clear that by appropriate measures of diet and hygiene the disease could be entirely eliminated.

Further editions of the treatise were published in 1757 and 1775, and the immense importance of his observations was immediately recognized. None the less, it was not until 1795 that an Admiralty order was issued on the supply of lime juice to ships. The efficacy of lime juice had been known for centuries, but it was Lind's observations that led to action, however tardy; that for economic reasons the relatively ineffective West Indian lime juice was supplied was in no way his responsibility. It is of interest that there is no evidence that Captain James Cook (1728–79) had any knowledge of Lind's work when arranging his own anti-scorbutic precautions in preparation for his historic first voyage.

Lind's other work included observations on typhus, the proper ventilation of ships at sea, and the distilation of fresh from salt water.

[br]

Bibliography

1754, A Treatise on the Scurvy, Edinburgh.

1757, An Essay on the most effectual means of Preserving the Health of Seamen in the Royal Navy, Edinburgh.

1767, An Essay on Diseases incidental to Europeans in Hot Climates, Edinburgh.

Further Reading

L.Roddis, 1951, James Lind—Founder of Nautical Medicine. Records of the Royal Colleges of Surgeons of Edinburgh. Records of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

MG

Biographical history of technology > Lind, James
13 Animal Intelligence

   1) The Criterion of Insightful Behavior

   We can... distinguish sharply between the kind of behavior which from the very beginning arises out of a consideration of the structure of a situation, and one that does not. Only in the former case do we speak of insight, and only that behavior of animals definitely appears to us intelligent which takes account from the beginning of the lay of the land, and proceeds to deal with it in a single, continuous, and definite course. Hence follows this criterion of insight: the appearance of a complete solution with reference to the whole lay- out of the field. (KoЁhler, 1927, pp. 169-170)

   2) Signs Occasion Thought but Not Action

   Signs, in [Edward] Tolman's theory, occasion in the rat realization, or cognition, or judgment, or hypotheses, or abstraction, but they do not occasion action. In his concern with what goes on in the rat's mind, Tolman has neglected to predict what the rat will do. So far as the theory is concerned the rat is left buried in thought: if he gets to the food-box at the end that is his concern, not the concern of the theory. (Guthrie, 1972, p. 172)

   3) A New Insight Consists of a Recombination of Pre-existent Mediating Properties

   The insightful act is an excellent example of something that is not learned, but still depends on learning. It is not learned, since it can be adequately performed on its first occurrence; it is not perfected through practice in the first place, but appears all at once in recognizable form (further practice, however, may still improve it). On the other hand, the situation must not be completely strange; the animal must have had prior experience with the component parts of the situation, or with other situations that have some similarity to it.... All our evidence thus points to the conclusion that a new insight consists of a recombination of pre existent mediating processes, not the sudden appearance of a wholly new process. (Hebb, 1958, pp. 204-205)

   4) Interpretation of Morgan's Canon

   In Morgan's own words, the principle is, "In no case may we interpret an action as the outcome of the exercise of a higher psychical faculty, if it can be interpreted as the outcome of the exercise of one which stands lower in the psychological scale." Behaviorists universally adopted this idea as their own, interpreting it as meaning that crediting consciousness to animals can't be justified if the animal's behavior can be explained in any other way, because consciousness is certainly a "higher psychical faculty." Actually, their interpretation is wrong, since Morgan was perfectly happy with the idea of animal consciousness: he even gives examples of it directly taken from dog behavior. Thus in The Limits of Animal Intelligence, he describes a dog returning from a walk "tired" and "hungry" and going down into the kitchen and "looking up wistfully" at the cook. Says Morgan about this, "I, for one, would not feel disposed to question that he has in his mind's eye a more or less definite idea of a bone."

   Morgan's Canon really applies to situations where the level of intelligence credited to an animal's behavior goes well beyond what is really needed for simple and sensible explanation. Thus application of Morgan's Canon would prevent us from presuming that, when a dog finds its way home after being lost for a day, it must have the ability to read a map, or that, if a dog always begins to act hungry and pace around the kitchen at 6 P.M. and is always fed at 6:30 P.M., this must indicate that it has learned how to tell time. These conclusions involve levels of intelligence that are simply not needed to explain the behaviors. (Coren, 1994, pp. 72-73)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Animal Intelligence
14 rag

[ræɡ]
noun

(a piece of old, torn or worn cloth: I'll polish my bike with this old rag.) cunja

- ragged
- raggedly
- raggedness
- rags
* * *
I [ræg]
noun

cunja, krpa, capa; platno, platneno blago iz krp; plural ponošena, razcapana obleka, obleka za vsak dan; humorously obleka; derogatory žepni robec, zavesa ipd.; ničvreden časopis, bankovec; del, odlomek, košček katerekoli stvari; droben, majhen, neznaten ostanek, sled, trohica; revež, bednik, razcapanec, raztrganec

the rag — zastava

the Rag humorously častniški klub v Londonu

in rags — v cunjah, razcapan, raztrgan

not a rag to one's back — niti krpice, cunjice na telesu

not a rag of evidence — niti sledu o kakem dokazu, nobenega dokazilnega gradiva

worn to rags — ponošen, iznošen do cap, capast, cunjast

there is not a rag of truth in what you say — niti trohice resnice ni v tem, kar pravite

that meat is boiled to rags — to meso je čisto razkuhano

to cook to rags — razkuhati

to cram on every rag (of sail) nautical dvigniti, razpeti vsa jadra

to get one's rag out colloquially razjeziti se

I haven't a rag to put on — nimam kaj obleči

to show a red rag to a bull — razdražiti bika z rdečo krpo, figuratively razkačiti koga

to spread every rag of sail nautical razpeti vsa razpoložljiva jadra

American to take the rag off (the bush) — prekositi, posekati, preseči vse, vsakega

to tear to rags — raztrgati na koščke

his reputation is torn to rags — od njegovega ugleda ni ostalo niti sledu
II [ræg]
noun

slang pretep, ravs, tepež, zdraha, zdražba, razprtija, prepir; izgred; hrup, hrušč, vpitje, trušč, kričanje, razgrajanje; objestna šala, špas, draženje, nagajanje, zbadanje, izzivanje; objestno veselje na račun koga drugega; slang zmerjanje, oštevanje; slang študentovsko razgrajanje, zbijanje (objestnih) šal

just for a rag — za šalo

fancy dress rag — študentovska zabava, kostumirana zabava

to get one's rag out figuratively razjeziti se, razsrditi se, razkačiti se
III [ræg]
transitive verb & intransitive verb

ozmerjati, ošteti, brati levite komu; drážiti, nagajati, zafrkavati, zbadati; mučiti, trpinčiti, prizadeti komu kaj hudega, narediti kaj komu navkljub; objestno, škodoželjno se šaliti s kom, za norca imeti, norce briti iz, delati objestne šale; potolči se, pobiti se, zlasati se; colloquially delati izgrede, razgrajati

to rag (over) — biti si v laseh (gledé), prepirati se (zaradi)
IV [ræg]
noun

(glinasti) skrilavec, kremeni pesek; trdi listasti apnenec
V [ræg]
1.

noun

see ragtime;

2.

transitive verb music

sinkopirati, igrati v jazzovskem ritmu; intransitive verb plesati, igrati v ragtimeu (v močno sinkopiranem ritmu črnske glasbe)

English-Slovenian dictionary > rag
15 hacerse

■hacerse verbo reflexivo
1 (convertirse) to become, grow
hacerse mayor, to grow old
se hizo monja, she became a nun
2 (simular) to pretend: me vio, pero se hizo el despistado, he saw me, but pretended he hadn't
hacerse el sordo, to turn a deaf ear 3 hacerse con, (conseguir) to get hold of
4 (acostumbrarse) to get used [a, to]: enseguida me hice a dormir sola, I soon got used to sleeping alone
me tengo que hacer a la idea, I've got to get used to the idea ' hacerse' also found in these entries: Spanish: adueñarse - agenciarse - arrumaco - asegurarse - boca - cargar - cargo - comprometerse - curar - dueña - dueño - eco - idea - ilusión - ladearse - lío - loca - loco - lograr - mar - oro - ovillo - permanente - remolón - remolona - rogar - sorda - sordo - sueca - sueco - suplantar - taco - tonta - tonto - agujero - América - amigo - análisis - ánimo - añicos - bola - caca - camote - cirugía - cocer - competencia - comprender - confiar - control - correr English: appear - become - befriend - break - break up - charge - come - cook - corner - daydream - deepen - delude - drag on - endear - evidence - fall - fiendish - get on - get through - get-rich-quick - grow - grow up - hard - impersonate - join - kid - masquerade - materialize - move along - muddle - part - part with - piece - play - pose - possum - power - pretend - pull over - put out - run - sail - sea - seize - shatter - shoeshine - sidestep - smash - stage - stake

English-spanish dictionary > hacerse

См. также в других словарях:

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

to cook the evidence

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: с английского на все языки

to cook the evidence

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